Security

Africa's security situation remains complex and dynamic, shaped by a range of domestic and regional factors that vary significantly by country and sub-region. Some African states enjoy relative peace and growing stability while others continue to struggle with persistent insecurity because of conflict, terrorism, political instability, and socio-economic disparities.

Internal African conflicts in some cases arise from competition over resources, ethnic and communal tensions, and struggles for political power. Prolonged conflicts in some African states have led to humanitarian crises and large-scale displacement. Political unrest and contested elections negatively impact security and exposes the fragile state of democratic institutions in some African states.

Other security challenges in Africa include transnational threats such as terrorism, organized crime, and human trafficking. The Sahel region has emerged as a hotspot for extremist activity, with groups linked to Al-Qaeda and ISIS exploiting weak state presence and porous borders to operate across Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger.

Governance and good governance are by-products of the nature of the existing political system. This is why institutions that enhance democratic consolidation need to be pursued vigorously. The dilemma is that political leaders are sometimes afraid to establish effective institutions. Ironically, those same institutions are [could be] the bedrock for stability of their respective states, and their own safety when their tenure in office expires. In that case they need not hold on to power [by any means] for the rest of their lives as it seems to be the case in some African states.

Lasting security in Africa requires more than military responses. Root causes of conflicts such as poverty, youth unemployment, governance deficits, and intercommunal tensions is essential. With continued investment in conflict resolution, institutional reform, and regional cooperation, Africa can build a more secure and stable future.